Customer Value Measurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Customer Value Measurement - Essay Example New ways are needed to achieve an edge and to stand one step ahead of others (Keller 2003). In the phase of increasing competition, many corporate mission statements set customers as the focus of an organisation's business activities, and key thinkers have defined the quality of goods and services with reference to how well they satisfy needs and expectations of the customer base (Johnson et al 2005). At the other end, some companies are paying performance premiums. According to Aaker & Keller (1990) delivering superior value to carefully targeted customers seems to be the generally accepted path to sustained profitability (Keller 2003). In the light of the above, this essay essay is an attempt to clarify how developing a customer orientation affects the profitability of firms by referring to the fundamental elements of a customer driven marketing strategy: segmentation, targeting and positioning. It also presents a comprehensive understanding of the customer and the customer value imperative by using relevant examples. As competition grows bigger, more and more organisations try to maximize customer value in order to achieve their full potential and get a competitive edge. There are several reasons for this awakening and change in perception (Porter 1990). Realizing the role of 'customers' and 'customers' equity, companies strive at satisfying their customers through the creation of brand equity (Aaker 1990). Customers are important stakeholders of a company. According to Sacconi, (2004), customers need quality products and services as well as increased customer value and customer satisfaction (Sacconi 2004). A customer is one who buys and uses goods and services. They are individuals who are affected by or who affect the product and service supplied, and bear the value and cost of a company's activities (Sacconi 2004). In most companies, customers are seen as the most important assets. For example, Berry & Parasuraman (1991) argue that, It is easier - and much cheaper - to keep existing customers than to get new ones. To Berry et al. (1990), the benefit from achieving satisfied and loyal customers stems from the fact that, the willingness for future repurchases will be much higher for satisfied and loyal customers than for dissatisfied and indifferent ones. Despite this awareness concerning the importance of customer satisfaction, it is beyond the ability of many of today's companies to maintain satisfied customers (Aaker 1989). To fully understand the meaning of 'customer value' and customers value creation, Aaker (1990) argues that this should be approached from the customer's perspective. Today, most companies have realized the importance of satisfied custome

Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Change Management - Essay Example In 1951 they launched BMW 501 which was their first automobile. Since then the company has been one of the frontrunners in producing cars. BMW is one of the â€Å"German Big 3† high end car makers together with Mercedes-Benz and Audi. BMW is actually a house of brands containing brands like Mini, BMW and Rolls-Royce. BMW is present across the world and has its operations adjusted to meet the requirements of respective country. In this report we will analyse the change management of BMW in Thailand. Overview of the analysis tools used SWOT of BMW Thailand BMW was one of the key drivers for growth of the premium segment in whole of Thailand. In 2009, it was the only brand whose market share increased. Through their relentless effort of proving the most advanced technologies in the Thai market, they have created a name for themselves. Due to challenging economic conditions in Thai, coupled with fluctuation of oil prices, world financial crisis, the consumers of Thailand were look ing for more fuel-efficient cars. But they still wanted to have that comfort, safety and smooth driving performance. BMW came out with a perfect solution named BMW Efficient Dynamics technology (BMW Thailand, 2013, p. 1). It gave exactly what the consumers have been looking for and earned BMW group the title of â€Å"The Most Sustainable Car Company in the World.† This shows that BMW has strong innovative strength to cater to Thai customers. The major weakness that BMW faces in Thailand is that their overall servicing process is not good. It takes considerable time to fix or service the car and sometimes it is seen that the problems are not actually resolved. Another weakness is that there is a strong rivalry between the dealers in Thailand (Dealtry, 1992, p. 61). Thailand has approximately 4-5 dealers and they are very competitive to each other. BMW faces major threat from external environment. With world economy in a bad shape so is the economy of Thailand. There is intense competition in the Thai Market. The fuel price keeps fluctuating along with change in exchange rates. The prices of raw materials also keep on increasing. BMW in Thailand has a strong brand presence which enables it to become No.1 in the premium segment. With customer focused strategy adopted they can continue to make exciting additions to BMW group Thailand products (Liu, Akram and Bouguettaya, 2011, p. 82). Lewin Model of Change According to Kurt Lewin model of Change, every organisation has to go through three steps to complete the Change process. They are Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze. In the Unfreeze stage, BMW must try to understand the importance of change and communicate to the employees (Cameron and Green, 2012, p. 215). In Thailand, the customer service is a major issue that needs to be changed. Hence the employees to be told about the issue of long servicing process faced by their customers. During the change process, BMW has to keep on communicating the importance of ch ange in customer service and how it will affect their revenue (Dessler and Phillips, 2007, p. 316). Finally in the Refreeze step once BMW has been able to achieve improved customer service and the employees have themselves adjust to the new servicing

Right to Reject Vaccines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Right to Reject Vaccines - Essay Example The interaction may lead to the spread of any disease that might be existent in those children who are not vaccinated. The risk of infections is made greater without vaccination. Another reason why all pupils should be vaccinated is that, most of the vaccines are given free by the government and others have their prices levied too. Therefore, there should be no reason whatsoever for any school going pupil, not to be vaccinated. Finally, there have been reports that the majority of parents fail to follow the required schedule in giving their children the required vaccine. Therefore making it mandatory for school going children to be vaccinated before being admitted might make the parents follow up the whole schedule of vaccination. Through the action of schools, the spread of diseases in public places will be minimized, and most of the children will be vaccinated and the risk of being infected reduced too. The result will be a reduction in infant mortality by a significant

The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Essay Example for Free

The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Essay The 68-620 Roles and Relationship John Kirton Director, 68 Research Group; Co-director, 620 Research Group john. [emailprotected] ca Paper prepared for a panel on The Future of the 68 and 620 Possible Scenarios at an expert seminar on The Future of the 68 and 620, sponsored by the Universiteit Gent and Egmont, Fondation Universitaire/universitaire Stichting, Brussels, April 26, 2010. Version of May 13, 2010. Introduction Now that the Group of Twenty (620) summit has arisen as the self-proclaimed permanent, premier forum for international economic governance, a lively debate as erupted about its relationship with the old Group of Eight (68) and the role of both bodies in the years ahead. Many assume or argue that the 68 will and should fade away, fast, and the 620 assume all the broad agenda and functions the former has long had. Far fewer assert openly that that the new and diverse 620 may itself fade away along with the galvanizing economic crisis that gave it birth, leaving the 68 with its inner Group of Seven (67) finance ministers to continue as the global steering group that counts. Given the durability of international institutions, it is more likely hat both, rather than either or neither, will continue for the foreseeable future, in a relationship that could take several forms. The major possibilities are competition, passive mutual coexistence by dividing up the global policy agenda and governance functions, or active cooperation that brings the comparative advantage of each to reap the global governance synergies that await (Kirton 2009). After less than two years of 620 summitry, it is still too soon to conclude with complete confidence which scenario will spring to life. But there is already substantial evidence to suggest that he system is moving toward synergistic cooperation between the two Gs that will strengthen each and both in the medium term. The global demand for governance is pulling the system in that direction and the old 68 great powers and new G20-only systemically significant ones are starting to supply that demand by working together in this way. However, its realization will take smart, strategic leadership from the 68 and G20s coming hosts and chairs, starting with Canada in June 2010. And if they provide it properly, in the longer term, the 68 and its 620 creation could become one, nited above all by the values that the G8 has successfully pioneered since its start. The Strengthening Success of the 68 and 620 Summits The prospect that both the 68 and 620 summits will continue rests in the first instance on the fact that few international institutions, even informal plurilateral, globally-relevant summit-level ones, tend to fade away. As Appendix A exhibits, many such institutions show impressive longevity, dating back a century or more. The 68, born in 1975, is one of the oldest such bodies of global relevance and reach. After 36 years in operation, it is unlikely to disappear soon. Kirton: The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Moreover, as Appendix B indicates, the G8 shows a substantial and strengthening performance over these years on all six dominant dimensions of governance which such bodies are expected to perform. It has an improving and now respectable record in delivering its commitments, by having its members comply with them within the year after they are made. It has also become, from its summit centre, a full-strength governance system, with a broad array of G8-centred bodies at the ministerial, official and civil society levels below. There are no signs that it is a global overnance system on the wane. The 620, in its first two years of summit life, also shows signs of strengthening, even if it is still far less potent in its performance than the 68 has become. The 620 has beaten the 68 in the frequency of its summit meetings † having had five scheduled within its first two calendar years. Yet, as Appendix C shows, on all six dimensions of global governance, the 620 remains far behind the 68. 620 summits last about half as long as 68 ones, generate only one- third as many decisional commitments, and have a compliance record that, while still n the positive range, is well behind that of the 68 and of the 68 members within the 620 itself. The future demand for global governance thus seems likely to be met by both bodies, rather than either or neither. In the case of the latter scenario, it is striking how the successful MEF/M-16 that arose as a core component of the last two 68 summits has disappeared from the 2010 one, even with the failure of the UNs Copenhagen COPMOP to effectively deal with climate change. The traditional preference of France and a few others for a 613 is voiced far less frequently now, ven as Frances turn to host both the 68 and 620 summits in 2011 draws near. The group of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC), now having had two summits, remain largely members of both the 620 and G8 and have expressed support for the 620 itself. Shaping the G8-G20 Relationship If both bodies seem likely to continue and even strengthen, then given their high similarity in membership/participation, top tier plurilateralism, informality, summit centricity and global governance orientation, they will increasingly need to define and develop the relationship between the two. In the realm of competition there have been few substantial signs of rivalry. There is an ongoing desire on the part of several, largely Asian members that 620 summits precede 68 ones each year, to avoid any impression that the old 68 club is pre-defining or dictating to the newer, broader 620 one. But here the 67/8 has prevailed, in holding its June 2010 summit before the 620 one, in holding the 67 finance ministers meeting in late April 2010 just before the 620 one at the semi-annual Bank-Fund meetings in Washington, and thus far for 2011 in France, having the 68 summit in its normal summer slot receding the 620 in newly normal (for leaders but not finance ministers) November one. There has been only minor competition over issues each wish to take up, with a Sherpa-level tussle over which group will speak about the Haitian earthquake on January 12, 2010, serving as the major case to date. 2 Passive mutual coexistence is more evident, especially in dividing up the global policy agenda so that the 620 governs finance and economics and the 68 social, political and security issues. It is striking how easily the 68 in 2010, if not in 2009 has abandoned its finance and economic agenda in favour of the 620.

Use of Comparative Description in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay

Use of Comparative Description in The Bluest Eye  Ã‚      Upon reading The Bluest Eye a second time, I noticed something about the nature of Morrison's prose. The term that I have heard to describe the book most frequently is beautiful. The first chapters strike me as both incredibly realistic, and unbelievably beautiful. The fact that Morrison can give a scene where Claudia is actually throwing up on herself a rosy colored, nostalgic tint, and still manage to convey a sense of realism is a testament to Morrison's skill with words. The language certainly is beautiful, a sort of sensual prose, almost bordering on poetry. I also believe that the style of Morrison's descriptions is a key to understanding the major underlying theme of the novel, which is the association of rac...

Progressive Era Essay

The progressive era directly followed the post-civil wartime of chaos and corruption. The United States of America desperately needed change. As a result of this desire for change a varied group called progressives (which were largely composed of white middle class), pushed to improve America’s current condition and created a set of goals. A majority of these goals were achieved pushing America to having increased social justice, corporation control, and regulations on consumer products. However not all hopes of change were granted and some failures still remained. The progressive era was a time of major reform and for the most part took strides of success towards its myriad of goals, which the U. S. desperately needed to achieve. This era completely contrasts with the post civil war era, and created a better America. A large reason why this time of reform could occur is because during this time America had politically progressive thinkers. Theodore Roosevelt dedicated much of his presidency to increase and improve America as a democratic nation with an abundant source of justice and liberty. Roosevelt formed the new square deal which (the 3 co’s) controlled the corporations, had restrictions on consumer products, and allowed direct nominations. In the 17th amendment it was stated that elections should be nominated and controlled by the people. Document D describes the shift from the previous system of indirect voting through the electoral college, to the new direct nominations made from the people. This signified the power of the people and increased democracy ideals. Another one of Roosevelt’s contributions to progressivism was the regulation of meat, food and water. Document B illustrates the horrifying unsanitary conditions of meat packaging, but during the progressive era acts were passed to make restrictions and laws about the sanitation of consumer products. There were also regulations on water purity, and systems were developed to improve piping systems and created healthy water available to the public (especially in urban areas). The diseases and health issues portrayed in Doc. B were dramatically lessened as these regulations were put into place and medical advances were made. Roosevelt also contributed to the much needed act of trust busting. The cartoon in Doc. A shows T. R. using his big brandishing stick to crush monopolies and corrupt trusts which controlled big industries. However after T. R. ’s terms as president Woodrow Wilson went on a trust busting frenzy and together they stamped out a majority of trusts (T. R. crushed 44 trusts in 7 years while Wilson busted 70 trusts in only 4 years). In the Clayton antitrust act, laws against unjust ways of business were put into place. It became illegal to â€Å"discriminate in price between different purchasers†¦. any line of commerce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Doc. E) This act states that no discrimination in cost could be used and it made monopolies illegal. This act also kindly noted that labor organizations were legal. Another achieved goal during the progressive era was the economic positive aspects that were put into place. The federal reserve act insured that money would be controlled and divided to ensure its safety and conservation. The progressive era also was the final push women needed to secure their suffrage. There were helpful constrictions of labor and the hours and conditions improved. Public schooling also was improved and increased during this era. Also an environmental movement occurred. An innumerous amount of achievements and successes resulted from this reform movement. Although ultimately the progressive era brought a positive light over America it had some minor failures. For most of this movement it was backed politically but Taft (besides trust busting) was a set back to this revolution. In addition, Wilson didn’t place any laws against the KKK or ant lynching laws. Document I shows the discrimination against races and the ability to preform (perform) hate crimes without legal restrictions. Another social injustice was the lack of passing the equal rights amendment. The picture in Document H shows how equal rights weren’t set into place under Wilson. Although Wilson was a progressive in some aspects he was a racist and sexist in other areas. An economic problem cause by this era was the idea of â€Å"credits. Credits were used to increase consumerism but in reality it just created large devts, which is a cause of the great depression. In general the progressive era led to a number of successes, but it also had its drawbacks. In conclusion, the progressive era led to various economic, social, and political reforms, most of which were positive. Even though it has some negative outcomes, in reality, some of these issues can never be completely solved, eve n today. All in all, the progressive era worked to produce a better nations and created many successes for the United States of America.

Muet vs Ielts

MUET VERSUS IELTS. In today’s global world, the importance of English cannot be denied and ignored since English is the most common language spoken everywhere. Although Malay language is our mother tongue, we still have to conquer this language if we want to compete with other international countries. With the help of developing technology, English has been playing a major role in many sectors including medicine, engineering, and education is the most important arena where English is needed.Particularly, as a developing country, Malaysia needs to make use of this world-wide spoken language in order to prove its international power. Consequently, English should be the medium of instruction at universities in Malaysia. The reason for why English should be the medium of instruction at universities in Malaysia is that it helps students find a high quality jobs for students and the common language is obviously English. Next and the most important, it enables students to communicate with the international world and at once we can compete with other emerging international countries.So, to align with national development, Malaysia has established Malaysian University English Test (MUET) and International English Language Testing System (IELTS) to help students nowadays to improve a lot in English language. Firstly, the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) is an examination which measure the ability to use and understand English as it is spoken, written and heard in university campuses. This test is set and run by the Malaysian Examinations Council.MUET is created for Malaysia public universities enrolment needs and comprising 4 components that are listening, speaking, reading and writing. It is categorized into six bands or levels and only recognized in Malaysia and Singapore. Each components of this exam has its own scores. The maximum scores for each component is 45 for Listening and Speaking,120 for Reading and 90 for Writing, with the total score of 300. The scores are then graded in 6 bands, with Band 6 the highest and Band 1 the lowest.Firstly for listening test, candidates will be required to listen to recorded texts twice and answer questions consisting of information transfer, short-answer questions, and three option multiple choice questions and 4-option multiple choice questions. For speaking test, candidates will be required to perform the individual presentation and group discussion. For the individual presentation, candidates will be given 2 minutes to prepare for the given task and 2 minutes to present. Candidates will also listen to the other candidates while they are making their presentations and take down notes for the group discussion.For the group discussion that consists of 4 students, candidates will be given 2 minutes to prepare points to support or oppose the other candidates’ views. After listening to everyone in the group, candidates will make a conclusion based on their topic. The group will be given 10 minutes for the group discussion. For reading test, candidates will be required to answer the questions that comprises 45 multiple choice questions based on the texts which may be taken from journals, newspapers or magazines sources. Lastly for writing test, candidates will be required to write 2 essays.This paper comprises two writing tasks that are interpretation of information based on specific stimuli provided and extended writing based on a given topic. Secondly, the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is an examination specially designed to assess a candidate’s competency in the English language for university studies. The IELTS examination is recognised by universities in the United Kingdom, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. IELTS also conforms to the highest to the highest international standards of language assessment.Its purpose is to find out what level band of English from 0-9. Usually people need to take the IELTS test if applying for a job or to study in a college or university in an English-speaking or the immigrants. There are two modules of the IELTS test which are academic and general. The academic module is for the future students and for the general module is or immigrants. Besides, the format for IELTS is same as MUET which include four tests which are reading, writing, speaking and listening. The listening test takes about 40 minutes.The 30 minutes early for listen to a tape and to answer questions on what you hear and then 10 minutes left to transfer answers to the answer sheet. Next, reading test takes one hour and the task is to read passages of text and answer questions according to what you have read. Then, the writing test that also takes one hour and divided into two sub part. The first 20 minutes for write a letter or report and other 40 minutes to write an essay. The last one is speaking test that takes up to 15 minutes and consists of three parts which are personal interview, cue card talk and discus sion.In additional, all the test is continue one after another but for the speaking test get a break or been held on a different day. In conclusion, IELTS is much better compare with MUET. This is because the benefits of taking IELTS are many. If we like to study in world class universities like The Oxford University, Cambridge University, University of Bridgeport, University of California Berkeley, San Francisco State University we must take IELTS. Once we are graduated from any of these universities, our career begins with a fantastic position heading toward a bright future.Moreover, we will get exposed to the best intellectual as well as socio-economic environment that would nurture outstanding personality in us. Thus, we can find a dramatic change in our intellectual, professional and financial spheres. Further, we can have access to employment abroad by writing the IELTS General Module. We can enjoy incredible lifestyle and financial security if we are employed in the United Ki ngdom, Australia or New Zealand and the most important we can gain access to on-going support from some of the world’s leading language assessment experts.Although IELTS is more tough compare to MUET but we still can work harder to success as English proverb says ‘it doesn’t kill you make you stronger’. For many years, English has been the common wold-wide language, and it will be in the future. For this reason, if you want to follow trends, new gadgets and technology, modernization of the developing world, you have to know English whatever age you are in. ?